Self Control Theory A General Theory Of Crime - 1309 Words

Self-control theory hypothesizes that self-discipline explains a variance in the extent to which people are susceptible to specific urges, whether committing criminal or non-criminal actions. Travis Hirschi and Michael Gottfredson gave rise to self-control theory in their book named A General Theory of Crime. Because its creators define the self-control theory as a â€Å"general theory of crime†, to them it is believed that this theory can be implemented to multiple behaviors where a person is not capable to resist desires, which allow for a quick self-gratification. Not only this, but Gottfredson and Hirschi also trust that the self-control theory describes the flexibility of crime; because of this, it is appropriate to assume that criminals are also expected to partake in other dangerous behaviors seen as innocent by the law (Kubrin, Stucky, and Krohn 187). Self-control theory operates under the assumption that willpower is developed early on in childhood and from thereafter it is relatively stable throughout the remainder of that individual’s life. Hirschi and Gottfredson state that low-self control can be determined by an individual’s propensity to have behaviors revolving around being â€Å"impulsive, insensitive, physical, risk-taking, short-sighted, and non-verbal† while also having a â€Å"here and now† attitude towards situations (Kubrin, Stucky, and Krohn 186-187). This theory mainly focuses on the belief that low self-control is caused by inadequate parenting. By notShow MoreRelatedDifference Between Integrated Theory And Holistic Theory1200 Words   |  5 PagesAn integrated theory merges concepts, but it does not attempt to explain all criminal behavior from different concepts or assumptions. The difference between integrated theory and holistic theory is it does not attempt to explain all criminal behavior, but a holistic (general) theory of crime attempts to explain all forms of criminal behavior through a single approach.There are four examples of a holistic (general) theory of crime John Braithwaite’s theory of crime shaming and reintegration, GottfredsonRead MoreThe Theory And Social Control Theory1106 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloping the self-control perspective on crime and social control perspective on juvenile delinquency. In his groundbreaking work, Causes of Delinquency, he argued out that an explanation for delinquenc y can be achieved by absence of social bonds. He also stated that delinquency could be prevented by social attachments, acceptance of social norms, recognizing the moral validity of law and involvement in conventional activities. In his other work with Michael R. 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A blend of the two allows us to apply a direct application across a multitude of demographic groups within the organization while still focusing on what I believe to be the main contributor to crime, personal decision. By utilizing a blend of the two, I think we are able to see how personal choiceRead MoreGeneral Theory Of Crime And Delinquency919 Words   |  4 PagesGeneral Theory of Crime and Delinquency Many theories exist including biological, psychological, and sociological theories that have been proposed by many criminologists in the criminal justice field and have been closely studied by people (Agnew, Cullen, Wilcox, 2004). Most theories are proposed at the micro level meaning it tries to explain the criminal behavior of individuals and some are proposed at the macro level which tries to explain the crime rates in social groups, meaning micro focusesRead MoreAnalysis Of Ronald Aker s First Social Learning Theory1375 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Learning Theory Ronald Aker’s first social learning theory article was first published as a way to explain Sutherland’s claim the â€Å"Criminal behavior is learned† (Willams McShane, 2014). Aker believed that most deviant behavior is learned through social interaction. The main components of Aker’s social learning theory focused on differential association, definitions, differential reinforcement, and imitation. A study performed by Kim Lersch (1999) found that social learning theory can reliablyRead MoreEssay on Factors Affecting the Complexity of Criminal Behavior1489 Words   |  6 Pagesbehaviours. There are a range of theories that attempt to describe human behavior reflecting the complexities of human behaviour. Given the range of theories of behaviour, there is not any one theory that can fully explain criminal behaviour given the complexity of the behaviour. There are also a multiple of factors impacting on people’s behaviour including criminal behaviou r. These include family circumstances, their personality, and mental health issues. Some of the theories that this essay will consider

The 4p’s (Product, Price, Promotion, Place) Free Essays

‘Yathu’s Supermarket’ sells several of goods such as all groceries items, wines, alcohol, etc. We sell specific product to target specific people so that we can satisfy customers’ wants and increase sales eventually as they buy the products they want. We have to be aware that our product is fashionable among the community and the customers so the products we sell are what the customers want. We will write a custom essay sample on The 4p’s (Product, Price, Promotion, Place) or any similar topic only for you Order Now We also have to be cautious that our products are safe and don’t harm people in any way; we also have to sell products which are reliable. In our supermarket we have to offer various types of products to increase customer choice so that they can choose what they prefer. We also have to make our product look appealing to the customers. So overall, we have to sell the products look desirable for the customers so that they will buy it. Price Price is also a major factor in determining how much sales and profit we make because customers normally look for cheap products so if we sell the products at a cheaper price then it is going to attract customers so eventually we are going to increase sales. So as we are a small business we have to lower our prices to a relatively low price than our competitors to catch customers’ attention and try to persuade them to buy the product. It is important to have low prices as low prices increases sales; this is manly because customers always go for low prices and high quality products. However, we have to make the price reasonable so that we can make some profits, this is important to compete in the market. We have to try to make short term tactics to boost sales such as lowering prices of key products we sell to attract customers. We could use psychological pricing, so we can for example sell products à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.99 instead of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3.00 so this will encourage the customers to think that it is a bargain. However, in the long-run after we have established as a strong business in the market we can increase our prices gradually to increase profits. Promotion Promotion is a campaign increase customer awareness of our service. Advertising is main way of promoting our service. There is other several types of ways to promote such as personal selling, public relation or even sponsorship. Comparing with the budget we have advertising through newspapers, leaflets, etc is the ideal way as it is in reach of our budget. A successful advertising campaign increases customer awareness and increase sales/profits. ‘Yathu’s Supermarket’ have to limit our promotional campaign to our budget, so we have to advertise in the cheapest possible way such as leaflets, local newspaper, billboards, etc. ‘Yathu’s Supermarket’ have to improve our public relations so we have to increase how the customers think of us, so we have to do several activities to improve public relations, this is because customer satisfaction and customers’ relationship with our business is one of the major keys to our success in the future. We have to create a brand such as a logo to represent our business. By developing a recognising brand we can help boost sales and profits by encouraging customers to make repeat purchases, so the customers will be loyal. Place ‘Yathu’s Supermarket’ has decided that setting up our business in Woolwich is the best way for our business and the public and also it is the most cost-effective way. We have to store our stock at our supermarket as it is the cheapest way. However, as we become a larger firm we can find our places to place our stock such as a warehouse. We can also use internet to sell goods to our customers as it is easier for them and we are able to target a wider audience. We have to make the product we sell appealing so the customers will buy it so we have to place the product in a place where it is likely catch the customers’ attention. So where we place the product is essential to how much profit we make and how much sales we make. We can also provide a service such as free delivery if they spend a certain amount in the shop. So for example if they spend more than à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10.00 they can get free delivery service, this will attract the attention of customers so this will likely to increase sales and the profit we make. One of the reasons why it might take the attention of customers is that probably not many people offer this sort of service so it is unique, which the customers might prefer. All these 4p’s (Product, Price, Promotion, Place) are done to help my business stabilise in the market and obviously to try to make more sales and profits. How to cite The 4p’s (Product, Price, Promotion, Place), Papers

Inexcusable Acts In Literature Essay Example For Students

Inexcusable Acts In Literature Essay Throughout many great works of literature there are numerous characters whose acts are either moral or immoral. In the works Euripides Medea, Shakespeares Othello and Boccaccios Decameron, Tenth Day, Tenth Story, the main characters all carry out actions which in todays day and age would be immoral and inexcusable. Medea takes on the most immoral act, in Euripides great tragic work. The morale of today varies greatly with that of the time periods in which these works were written. Gualtieri from Boccaccios work, Othello from Shakespeares work and Medea from Euripides work were all, for the most part, just in their actions because of the view of the citizens during their time period. These people played an immense part in what was viewed as right and wrong, just as in todays day. In Boccaccios Decameron, Tenth Day, Tenth Story, the main character, Gualtieri wants to test his new wife to see how loyal she is to him. In the beginning of the play, it is portrayed to the readers that Gualtieri is a very well respected, moral man. After being told that it is nessecary to find a wife, Gualtieri states, I will do as you request and so shall I have only myself to blame if things turn out badly, I want to be the one who chooses her, and I tell you now that if she is not honored by you as your lady.. .you will learn to your displeasure how serious a matter it was to compel me with your requests (Boccaccio 135).From this statement Gualtieri is portrayed as a compassionate man. He says he will blame no one but himself if things do not work out and once his wife is chosen he orders his people to respect her, no matter what. This is ironic for him to say, due to the actions he takes later in the story. As the play proceeds Gualtieris actions become more inexcusable and immoral. He wished to test his new wifes patience to see if she truly was as loyal a wife as she seemed to be. He first insulted her with harsh words, than told her the child that she bore was not good enough because it was not a male. In turn, Gualtieri ordered his wife to give him the child to be killed, to this his wife obeys. His plan, the whole time, was not to kill the child but to send her to one of his relatives in Bologna to be raised and educated. When the next child came, Gualtieri took the same monstrous act. The last scheme to his plan was to tell his poor wife that he no longer wished to be married t! o her and planned on marrying one of the counts of Panago and wished for Griselda, his wife, to be present, she did as asked. At the wedding Gualtieri announced that the young girl he planned on marrying was in fact his daughter, he sent away many years ago. He tells Griselda that he only wanted to teach her how to be a good wife and show his people how to choose and keep a wife. To this, Gualtieri was judged as one of the wisest men (142) by the people of the land. The actions Gualtieri took were very harsh, in the current views of our time and even of his time. When he pretended to murder his children and take a new wife his subjects criticized him bitterly and regarded him as a cruel man. Once he revealed his plan though, he was thought of in the highest manner, as the wisest of all men. Therefore, Gualtieri, was viewed as moral in the first moments of the story, performed these horrid acts, and his people still felt the same way towards him at the end of the story. His actions were accepted and even honored by his people.In todays world Gualtieris misdeeds would be viewed as immoral sins. Pride is what caused him to do these retched things. Pride, one of the seven deadly sins, is the wanting to elevate oneself above others. Gualtieri wanted to show his wife that he had power over her and that he was still higher than her in social status. Although the actions taken by Gualtieri were immoral, they do not compare to the sins of Othello and Medea. Campaign Finance Essay (2) This in turn foreshadows what is to come. As the play goes on Medeas plan gets more intricate and devious, By exiling me, he (Creon) has given me this one day to stay here and in this I will make dead bodies of three of my enemies-father, daughter and my husband (13). Medea is premeditating these murders, which only makes the actions taken, worse. After considering for a long period of time, she decides the best thing to do is to take the lives of her own children, the! most unthinkable, immoral, inexcusable crime. Medea goes on to murder the princess and her father than commits the ultimate crime, As quickly as I may kill my children and start away from this land, and not by wasting time, to suffer my children, to be slain by another hand is less kindly to themThis must be so, then I, their mother, shall kill them. (40). When her plan is complete, Medea escapes, with the bodies of her dead children to a land of safety, never to feel remorse for her actions.These extreme acts taken by the main character are not only inexcusable, but also immoral even in her time. In Medeas first speech to the Chorus of Corinthian women, she speaks of her own humiliation and plight. She goes on to call on their empathy as women to understand the wrongs done by her husband. She begs them to help her obtain her revenge on Jason, If I can find some means of devise of any scheme to pay my husband back for what he has done to me-him and his father-in-law and the girl who married him-Just to keep silent No other soul can hold so many thoughts of blood. (9)The chorus believes her taking revenge on her husband is suitable due to his acts, This I will promise. You are in the right, Medea, in paying your husband back. I am not surprised at you for being sad. (9). As the play goes on, and the chorus learns of her planned course of action, they try to deter her from committing these crimes, due to its immorality, Since you have shared with us the knowledge of your plan, I both wish to help you and support the normal ways of mankind, and tell you not to do this thing. (26). Medea feels this is the only way to instill revenge. I can do no other thing (26), she simply replies. Medeas intention to slaughter her own children is horrifying, in present time and in her time, due to the natural maternal instinct, to protect their children, therefore, the murder of ones children is unnatural and highly inexcusable no matter what the circumstances. The main reason Medea inflicted all of this pain on Jason is because of her overwhelming sense of pride, For it is not bearable to be mocked by enemies. So it must happen, Medea continues to say Let no one think of me a weak one, feeble-spirited, a stay-at-home, but rather just the opposite, one who can hurt my enemies and my friends for the lives of such persons are much remembered. (26). Medea does not want to be known as a delicate person, but as a dominant woman. For this reason, she commits these three immoral acts.The Decameron, Tenth Day, Tenth Story, Othello and Medea are all tragic works, with seemingly tragic heroes. All three heroes, Gualtieri, Othello, and Medea, hurt someone close to them in order to still retain their pride or end their jealousy towards another. Although many of the trivial standards of the present world are different than that of when the authors were writing, there are many substantial similarities, therefore judging a character based on only the morals of today would be unjust.